TL;DR
This paper reviews recent findings on symmetry breaking in minimal SO(10) grand unified theories, highlighting successful gauge unification in nonsupersymmetric models and solutions to breaking issues in supersymmetric models.
Contribution
It demonstrates that nonsupersymmetric SO(10) with a single adjoint can achieve gauge unification, and proposes flipped SO(10) embedding to resolve supersymmetric breaking challenges.
Findings
Nonsupersymmetric SO(10) unification with one adjoint is viable with radiative corrections.
Supersymmetric SO(10) breaking issues are addressed by flipped hypercharge embedding.
The study clarifies symmetry breaking mechanisms in minimal SO(10) GUTs.
Abstract
I review some recent results on the Higgs sector of minimal SO(10) grand unified theories both with and without supersymmetry. It is shown that nonsupersymmetric SO(10) with just one adjoint triggering the first stage of the symmetry breaking does provide a successful gauge unification when radiative corrections are taken into account in the scalar potential, while in the supersymmetric case it is argued that the troubles in achieving a phenomenologically viable breaking with representations up to the adjoint are overcome by considering the flipped SO(10) embedding of the hypercharge.
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