Synthetic magnetic field effects on neutral bosonic condensates in quasi three-dimensional anisotropic layered structures

TL;DR

This paper investigates how synthetic magnetic fields influence dilute Bose gases in layered lattice structures, revealing non-monotonic tunneling behavior and establishing equivalences between finite slab and infinite three-dimensional systems.

Contribution

It introduces a phase diagram showing magnetic field effects on tunneling ratios and demonstrates the equivalence between finite slab and infinite 3D systems for experimental design.

Findings

Non-monotonic dependence of tunneling to repulsion ratio on magnetic field.

Critical values are identical for anisotropic infinite and isotropic finite systems.

Finite slab systems with over ten layers mimic properties of 3D Bose gases.

Abstract

We discuss a system of dilute Bose gas confined in a layered structure of stacked square lattices (slab geometry). A derived phase diagram reveals a non-monotonic dependence of the ratio of tunneling to on-site repulsion on the artificial magnetic field applied to the system. The effect is reduced when more layers are added, which mimics a two- to quasi-three-dimensional geometry crossover. Furthermore, we establish a correspondence between anisotropic infinite (quasi three-dimensional) and isotropic finite (slab geometry) systems that share exactly the same critical values, which can be an important clue for choosing experimental setups that are less demanding, but still leading to the identical results. Finally, we show that the properties of the ideal Bose gas in a three-dimensional optical lattice can be closely mimicked by finite (slab) systems, when the number of two-dimensional layers is larger than ten for isotropic interactions or even less, when the layers are weakly coupled.