What determines the penumbral size and Evershed flow speed?
Na Deng, Toshifumi Shimizu, Debi Prasad Choudhary, Haimin Wang
TL;DR
This study investigates how magnetic field properties influence penumbral size and Evershed flow speed in sunspots, providing observational evidence for magnetoconvection as the underlying mechanism.
Contribution
It offers direct observational confirmation linking magnetic inclination and horizontal field strength to penumbral and flow characteristics, supporting magnetoconvection models.
Findings
Positive correlation between penumbral size and magnetic inclination
Evershed flow speed increases with horizontal magnetic field strength
Results align with recent magnetoconvective simulations
Abstract
Using Hinode SP and G-band observations, we examined the relationship between magnetic field structure and penumbral size as well as Evershed flow speed. The latter two are positively correlated with magnetic inclination angle or horizontal field strength within 1.5 kilogauss, which is in agreement with recent magnetoconvective simulations of Evershed effect. This work thus provides direct observational evidence supporting the magnetoconvection nature of penumbral structure and Evershed flow in the presence of strong and inclined magnetic field.
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