Megamaser detection and nuclear obscuration in Seyfert galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates the link between water maser detection and nuclear obscuration in Seyfert galaxies, revealing that high obscuration increases the likelihood of maser detection, especially in Seyfert-2 types, and highlights the role of different spatial scales of obscuration.

Contribution

It provides new evidence that nuclear obscuration significantly influences water maser detection rates in Seyfert galaxies, using multi-wavelength data and normalization techniques.

Findings

Maser-detected Seyfert-2s show lower X-ray/[O IV] ratios than non-masers.

High nuclear obscuration correlates with increased maser detection probability.

Obscuration of the 7um dust continuum occurs on larger scales than X-ray obscuration.

Abstract

We revisit the relation between H2O maser detection rate and nuclear obscuration for a sample of 114 Seyfert galaxies, drawn from the CfA, 12um and IRAS F25/F60 catalogs. These sources have mid-infrared spectra from the Spitzer Space Telescope and they are searched for X-ray and [O III], 5007Angstrom fluxes from the literature. We use the strength of the [O IV], 25.9um emission line as tracer for the intrinsic AGN strength. After normalization by [O IV] the observed X-ray flux provides information about X-ray absorption. The distribution of X-ray / [O IV] flux ratios is significantly different for masers and non-masers: The maser detected Seyfert-2s (Sy 1.8-2.0) populate a distinct X-ray / [O IV] range which is, on average, about a factor four lower than the range of Seyfert-2 non-masers and about a factor of ten lower than the range of Seyfert-1s (Sy 1.0-1.5). Non-masers are almost equally distributed over the entire X-ray / [O IV] range. This provides evidence that high nuclear obscuration plays a crucial role for the probability of maser detection. Furthermore, after normalization with [O IV], we find a similar but weaker trend for the distribution of the maser detection rate with the absorption of the 7um dust continuum. This suggests that the obscuration of the 7 um continuum occurs on larger spatial scales than that of the X-rays. Hence, in the AGN unified model, at moderate deviation from edge-on, the 7um dust absorption may occur without proportionate X-ray absorption. The absorption of [O III] appears unrelated to maser detections. The failure to detect masers in obscured AGN is most likely due to insufficient observational sensitivity.