Discovery of the Zeeman Effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line

TL;DR

This paper reports the first detection of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line, enabling magnetic field measurements in star-forming regions at small scales.

Contribution

It presents the discovery of Zeeman splitting in the 44 GHz methanol maser line, providing a new method to study magnetic fields in star-forming regions.

Findings

Detected a line-of-sight magnetic field of 18.4 mG.

First Zeeman effect detection in this maser line.

Method allows magnetic field measurement at small physical scales.

Abstract

We report the discovery of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line. The observations were carried out with 22 antennas of the EVLA toward a star forming region in OMC-2. Based on our adopted Zeeman splitting factor of z = 1.0 Hz/mG, we detect a line of sight magnetic field of 18.4 +/- 1.1 mG toward this source. Since such 44 GHz methanol masers arise from shocks in the outflows of star forming regions, we can relate our measurement of the post-shock magnetic field to field strengths indicated by species tracing pre-shock regions, and thus characterize the large scale magnetic field. Moreover, since Class I masers trace regions more remote from the star forming core than Class II masers, and possibly earlier phases, magnetic fields detected in 6.7 GHz Class II and 36 GHz and 44 GHz Class I methanol maser lines together offer the potential of providing a more complete picture of the magnetic field. This motivates further observations at high angular resolution to find the positional relationships between Class I and Class II masers, and masers at various frequencies within each category. In particular, methanol masers are widespread in high- as well as intermediate-mass star forming regions, and our discovery provides a new method of studying the magnetic field in such regions, by observing small physical scales that are not accessible by any other lines.