Discovery of Yttrium, Zirconium, Niobium, Technetium, and Ruthenium Isotopes

TL;DR

This paper reviews the discovery history of isotopes of yttrium, zirconium, niobium, technetium, and ruthenium, detailing their first identification methods and publication sources.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of the first discovery and identification methods of these isotopes, compiling historical data in a single reference.

Findings

34 yttrium isotopes identified

35 zirconium isotopes identified

38 ruthenium isotopes identified

Abstract

Currently, thirty-four yttrium, thirty-five zirconium, thirty-four niobium, thirty-five technetium, and thirty-eight ruthenium isotopes have been observed and the discovery of these isotopes is discussed here. For each isotope a brief synopsis of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.