On the source of Faraday rotation in the jet of the radio galaxy 3C120

TL;DR

This study investigates the Faraday rotation in the jet of radio galaxy 3C120 using VLBA observations over several years, revealing complex, uncorrelated changes that suggest multiple Faraday rotation sources and a sheath of thermal electrons.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the origin of Faraday rotation in 3C120's jet, distinguishing between a sheath and foreground clouds as contributing factors.

Findings

RM remains constant at 2-5 mas from the core

Sign reversals in RM indicate localized Faraday rotation regions

RM-corrected EVPAs are perpendicular to the jet axis

Abstract

The source of Faraday rotation in the jet of the radio galaxy 3C120 is analyzed through Very Long Baseline Array observations carried out between 1999 and 2007 at 86, 43, 22, 15, 12, 8, 5, 2, and 1.7 GHz. Comparison of observations from 1999 to 2001 reveals uncorrelated changes in the linear polarization of the underlying jet emission and the Faraday rotation screen: while the rotation measure (RM) remains constant between approximately 2 and 5 mas from the core, the RM-corrected electric vector position angles (EVPAs) of two superluminal components are rotated by almost 90 degrees when compared to other components moving through similar jet locations. On the other hand, the innermost 2 mas experiences a significant change in RM -- including a sign reversal -- but without variations in the RM-corrected EVPAs. Similarly, observations in 2007 reveal a double sign reversal in RM along the jet, while the RM-corrected EVPAs remain perpendicular to the jet axis. Although the observed coherent structure and gradient of the RM along the jet supports the idea that the Faraday rotation is produced by a sheath of thermal electrons that surrounds the emitting jet, the uncorrelated changes in the RM and RM-corrected EVPAs indicate that the emitting jet and the source of Faraday rotation are not closely connected physically and have different configurations for the magnetic field and/or kinematical properties. Furthermore, the existence of a region of enhanced RM whose properties remain constant over three years requires a localized source of Faraday rotation, favoring a model in which a significant fraction of the RM originates in foreground clouds.