U and Th content in the Central Apennines continental crust: a contribution to the determination of the geo-neutrinos flux at LNGS

TL;DR

This study quantifies U and Th in the Central Apennines crust to refine geo-neutrino flux predictions at LNGS, integrating geological, geochemical, and geophysical data into a 3D model to improve local signal estimates.

Contribution

It provides a detailed regional U and Th abundance model and a 3D crustal structure to accurately estimate geo-neutrino flux at LNGS, refining previous global estimates.

Findings

Calculated geo-neutrino signals: S(U) = (28.7 ± 3.9) TNU, S(Th) = (7.5 ± 1.0) TNU

Identified sedimentary rocks' thickness as key to flux differences

Refined local geo-neutrino flux prediction incorporating regional geology

Abstract

The regional contribution to the geo-neutrino signal at Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) was determined based on a detailed geological, geochemical and geophysical study of the region. U and Th abundances of more than 50 samples representative of the main lithotypes belonging to the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary cover were analyzed. Sedimentary rocks were grouped into four main "Reservoirs" based on similar paleogeographic conditions and mineralogy. Basement rocks do not outcrop in the area. Thus U and Th in the Upper and Lower Crust of Valsugana and Ivrea-Verbano areas were analyzed. Based on geological and geophysical properties, relative abundances of the various reservoirs were calculated and used to obtain the weighted U and Th abundances for each of the three geological layers (Sedimentary Cover, Upper and Lower Crust). Using the available seismic profile as well as the stratigraphic records from a number of exploration wells, a 3D modelling was developed over an area of 2^{\circ}x2^{\circ} down to the Moho depth, for a total volume of about 1.2x10^6 km^3. This model allowed us to determine the volume of the various geological layers and eventually integrate the Th and U contents of the whole crust beneath LNGS. On this base the local contribution to the geo-neutrino flux (S) was calculated and added to the contribution given by the rest of the world, yielding a Refined Reference Model prediction for the geo-neutrino signal in the Borexino detector at LNGS: S(U) = (28.7 \pm 3.9) TNU and S(Th) = (7.5 \pm 1.0) TNU. An excess over the total flux of about 4 TNU was previously obtained by Mantovani et al. (2004) who calculated, based on general worldwide assumptions, a signal of 40.5 TNU. The considerable thickness of the sedimentary rocks, almost predominantly represented by U- and Th- poor carbonatic rocks in the area near LNGS, is responsible for this difference.