Uncertainty quantification and weak approximation of an elliptic inverse problem

TL;DR

This paper develops a Bayesian framework for quantifying uncertainty in an elliptic inverse problem, analyzing the regularity of the posterior measure, and estimating errors from finite-dimensional approximations.

Contribution

It introduces a rigorous analysis of the posterior measure's well-posedness and Lipschitz continuity, along with error estimates for finite-dimensional Karhunen-Loève truncations.

Findings

Posterior measure is well-defined and Lipschitz continuous in the data.

Error bounds are established for finite-dimensional approximations.

Convergence of posterior mean and covariance estimates is demonstrated.

Abstract

We consider the inverse problem of determining the permeability from the pressure in a Darcy model of flow in a porous medium. Mathematically the problem is to find the diffusion coefficient for a linear uniformly elliptic partial differential equation in divergence form, in a bounded domain in dimension $d \le 3$, from measurements of the solution in the interior. We adopt a Bayesian approach to the problem. We place a prior random field measure on the log permeability, specified through the Karhunen-Lo\`eve expansion of its draws. We consider Gaussian measures constructed this way, and study the regularity of functions drawn from them. We also study the Lipschitz properties of the observation operator mapping the log permeability to the observations. Combining these regularity and continuity estimates, we show that the posterior measure is well-defined on a suitable Banach space. Furthermore the posterior measure is shown to be Lipschitz with respect to the data in the Hellinger metric, giving rise to a form of well-posedness of the inverse problem. Determining the posterior measure, given the data, solves the problem of uncertainty quantification for this inverse problem. In practice the posterior measure must be approximated in a finite dimensional space. We quantify the errors incurred by employing a truncated Karhunen-Lo\`eve expansion to represent this meausure. In particular we study weak convergence of a general class of locally Lipschitz functions of the log permeability, and apply this general theory to estimate errors in the posterior mean of the pressure and the pressure covariance, under refinement of the finite dimensional Karhunen-Lo\`eve truncation.