Higher order proton structure corrections to the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen

TL;DR

This paper reevaluates higher order proton structure corrections, especially two-photon effects, to improve the accuracy of the proton charge radius determination from muonic hydrogen Lamb shift measurements.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of two-photon proton-structure corrections, including the non-pole subtraction term, using modern data fits to refine the correction estimates.

Findings

Individual correction contributions vary significantly

Total correction estimates are more stable

Results include comprehensive error estimates

Abstract

The recent conundrum with the proton charge radius inspires reconsideration of the corrections that enter into determinations of the proton size. We study the two-photon proton-structure corrections, with special consideration of the non-pole subtraction term in the dispersion relation, and using fits to modern data to evaluate the energy contributions. We find that individual contributions change more than the total, and present results with error estimates.