Expected signature of Brownian motion up to the first exit time from a bounded domain

TL;DR

This paper investigates the expected signature of Brownian motion up to the first exit time from a bounded domain, deriving PDEs and bounds for these signatures, which are crucial in rough path theory and stochastic analysis.

Contribution

It establishes PDE systems for the expected signature of Brownian motion stopped at domain exit and provides geometric bounds under smoothness conditions, advancing computational methods in rough path analysis.

Findings

Expected signature satisfies an elliptic PDE system.

Recursive solutions and Sobolev estimates yield bounds.

Open question on whether the expected signature determines the law.

Abstract

The signature of a path provides a top down description of the path in terms of its effects as a control [Differential Equations Driven by Rough Paths (2007) Springer]. The signature transforms a path into a group-like element in the tensor algebra and is an essential object in rough path theory. The expected signature of a stochastic process plays a similar role to that played by the characteristic function of a random variable. In [Chevyrev (2013)], it is proved that under certain boundedness conditions, the expected value of a random signature already determines the law of this random signature. It becomes of great interest to be able to compute examples of expected signatures and obtain the upper bounds for the decay rates of expected signatures. For instance, the computation for Brownian motion on $[0,1]$ leads to the ``cubature on Wiener space'' methodology [Lyons and Victoir, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 460 (2004) 169-198]. In this paper we fix a bounded domain $\Gamma$ in a Euclidean space $E$ and study the expected signature of a Brownian path starting at $z\in\Gamma$ and stopped at the first exit time from $\Gamma$. We denote this tensor series valued function by $\Phi_{\Gamma}(z)$ and focus on the case $E=\mathbb{R}^d$. We show that $\Phi_{\Gamma}(z)$ satisfies an elliptic PDE system and a boundary condition. The equations determining $\Phi_{\Gamma}$ can be recursively solved; by an iterative application of Sobolev estimates we are able, under certain smoothness and boundedness condition of the domain $\Gamma$, to prove geometric bounds for the terms in $\Phi_{\Gamma}(z)$. However, there is still a gap and we have not shown that $\Phi_{\Gamma}(z)$ determines the law of the signature of this stopped Brownian motion even if $\Gamma$ is a unit ball.