Charge Fluctuations in Soliton Anti-Soliton Systems Without Conjugation Symmetry

TL;DR

This paper investigates charge fluctuations in a (1+1)D soliton-anti-soliton system lacking charge conjugation symmetry, constructing the charge operator and analyzing its eigenvalues and fluctuations as solitons separate.

Contribution

It introduces a method to analyze charge fluctuations without charge conjugation symmetry in a (1+1)D model, focusing on the behavior of the charge operator and its eigenvalues.

Findings

Charge operator constructed for non-conjugation symmetric system

Eigenvalues of charge operator analyzed at large separation

Charge fluctuations characterized in the model

Abstract

We construct the charge operator and discuss the limits of their eigenvalues as the separation between background soliton and anti-solitons goes to infinity and analyze the fluctuations of the charge. This is performed in a (1+1)D model with charge conjugation breaking.