Semi-Meissner state and non-pairwise intervortex interactions in type-1.5 superconductors

TL;DR

This paper reveals non-pairwise vortex interactions in multicomponent superconductors, leading to complex vortex cluster formations in the semi-Meissner state of type-1.5 superconductors, challenging traditional pairwise interaction models.

Contribution

It demonstrates the existence of non-pairwise vortex interactions and their role in forming complex vortex states in type-1.5 superconductors.

Findings

Non-pairwise vortex interactions exist in multicomponent superconductors.

These interactions influence the formation of complex vortex clusters.

Conditions under which non-pairwise forces dominate are identified.

Abstract

We demonstrate existence of non-pairwise interaction forces between vortices in multicomponent and layered superconducting systems. That is, in contrast to most common models, the interactions in a group of such vortices is not a universal superposition of Coulomb or Yukawa forces. Next we consider the properties of vortex clusters in Semi-Meissner state of type-1.5 two-component superconductors. We show that under certain condition non-pairwise forces can contribute to formation of very complex vortex states in type-1.5 regimes.