Jarzynski Equality for an Energy-Controlled System

TL;DR

This paper extends the Jarzynski equality to energy-controlled systems, allowing arbitrary energy control during nonequilibrium processes, which enhances its practical applications in calculating states, entropy, and optimization problems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel extension of the Jarzynski equality for energy-controlled systems, broadening its applicability beyond isoenergetic processes.

Findings

Extended JE allows arbitrary energy control during nonequilibrium processes.

The new JE improves calculation of the number of states and entropy.

Application demonstrated in optimization problems.

Abstract

The Jarzynski equality (JE) is known as an exact identity for nonequillibrium systems. The JE was originally formulated for isolated and isothermal systems, while Adib reported an JE extended to an isoenergetic process. In this paper, we extend the JE to an energy-controlled system. We make it possible to control the instantaneous value of the energy arbitrarily in a nonequilibrium process. Under our extension, the new JE is more practical and useful to calculate the number of states and the entropy than the isoenergetic one. We also show application of our JE to a kind of optimization problems.