Subsonic Flows in a Multi-Dimensional Nozzle

TL;DR

This paper proves the existence and uniqueness of global subsonic irrotational flows in multi-dimensional nozzles with variable cross sections, establishing critical flux thresholds and analyzing asymptotic behavior.

Contribution

It extends the theory of subsonic flows to arbitrary dimensions, providing existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic analysis for flows in infinitely long nozzles.

Findings

Existence of global uniformly subsonic flow for small flux

Uniqueness of the flow under certain conditions

Identification of a critical flux value for flow existence

Abstract

In this paper, we study the global subsonic irrotational flows in a multi-dimensional ($n\geq 2$) infinitely long nozzle with variable cross sections. The flow is described by the inviscid potential equation, which is a second order quasilinear elliptic equation when the flow is subsonic. First, we prove the existence of the global uniformly subsonic flow in a general infinitely long nozzle for arbitrary dimension for sufficiently small incoming mass flux and obtain the uniqueness of the global uniformly subsonic flow. Furthermore, we show that there exists a critical value of the incoming mass flux such that a global uniformly subsonic flow exists uniquely, provided that the incoming mass flux is less than the critical value. This gives a positive answer to the problem of Bers on global subsonic irrotational flows in infinitely long nozzles for arbitrary dimension. Finally, under suitable asymptotic assumptions of the nozzle, we obtain the asymptotic behavior of the subsonic flow in far fields by a blow-up argument. The main ingredients of our analysis are methods of calculus of variations, the Moser iteration techniques for the potential equation and a blow-up argument for infinitely long nozzles.