Interplay of energy dependent astrophysical neutrino flavor ratios and new physics effects

TL;DR

This paper explores how energy-dependent neutrino flavor ratios measured by astrophysical neutrino telescopes can reveal new physics effects like neutrino decay and quantum decoherence, considering source characteristics and astrophysical parameters.

Contribution

It introduces a framework to distinguish new physics scenarios using energy-dependent flavor ratios, accounting for source effects and identifying optimal astrophysical sources for such searches.

Findings

Sources with strong magnetic fields offer better discrimination for new physics effects.

AGN cores and white dwarfs are promising sources for detecting new physics signatures.

Certain source classes can only discriminate specific sub-cases of new physics effects.

Abstract

We discuss the importance of flavor ratio measurements in neutrino telescopes, such as by measuring the ratio between muon tracks to cascades, for the purpose of extracting new physics signals encountered by astrophysical neutrinos during propagation from the source to the detector. The detected flavor ratios not only carry the energy information of specific new physics scenarios which alter the transition probabilities in distinctive ways, but also the energy dependent flavor composition at the source. In the present work, we discuss the interplay of these two energy dependent effects and identify which new physics scenarios can be distinguished from the detected flavor ratios as a function of astrophysical parameters. We use a recently developed self-consistent neutrino production model as our toy model to generate energy dependent source flavor ratios and discuss (invisible) neutrino decay and quantum decoherence as specific new physics examples. Furthermore, we identify potentially interesting classes of sources on the Hillas plot for the purpose of new physics searches. We find that sources with substantial magnetic fields 10^3 Gauss <= B <= 10^6 Gauss, such as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) cores, white dwarfs, or maybe gamma-ray bursts, have, in principle, the best discrimination power for the considered new physics scenarios, whereas AGN jets, which typically perform as pion beam sources, can only discriminate few sub cases in the new physics effects. The optimal parameter region somewhat depends on the class of new physics effect considered.