Properties of the HII region populations of M51 and NGC 4449 from Halpha images with ACS on HST

TL;DR

This study analyzes HII regions in M51 and NGC 4449 using HST ACS Halpha images, revealing their luminosity-volume relations, luminosity functions, and size distributions, with implications for their internal density structures and formation models.

Contribution

It provides a detailed database of HII region properties and identifies a non-linear luminosity-volume relation, suggesting inhomogeneous density structures within the regions.

Findings

HII regions follow L ~ V^(2/3) relation, not linear.

Luminosity functions show a break at log(L)=38.5 erg/s in M51.

Size distribution exhibits a dual behavior with a break at ~100 pc.

Abstract

We have used the images from the ACS on HST in Halpha, and in the neighboring continuum, to produce flux calibrated images of the large spiral galaxy M51, and the dwarf irregular NGC 4449. From these images we have derived the absolute luminosities in Halpha, the areas, and the positions with respect to the galactic centers as reference points, of over 2600 HII regions in M51 and over 270 HII regions in NGC 4449. Using this database we have derived luminosity (L)--volume (V) relations for the regions in the two galaxies, showing that within the error limits these obey the equation L ~ V^(2/3), which differs from the linear relation expected for regions of constant uniform electron density. We discuss briefly possible models which would give rise to this behavior, notably models with strong density inhomogeneities within the regions. Plotting the luminosity functions for the two galaxies we find a break in the slope for M51 at log(L) = 38.5 dex (units in erg s^(-1)) for M51 in good agreement with the previous ground-based study by Rand, and above this luminosity NGC 4449 also shows a sharp decline in its luminosity function, although the number of regions is too small to plot the function well at higher luminosities. The cumulative diameter distribution for the HII regions of M51 shows dual behaviour, with a break at a radius close to 100 pc, the radius of regions with the break luminosity. Here too we indicate the possible physical implications.