Polariton superfluids reveal quantum hydrodynamic solitons

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the transition from superfluid to turbulent regimes in a polariton quantum fluid, revealing the formation of solitons and vortex streets, advancing understanding of quantum hydrodynamics.

Contribution

It provides the first direct observation of quantum hydrodynamic solitons and vortex streets in polariton superfluids, highlighting their potential for turbulence research.

Findings

Observation of transition from superfluid to turbulent flow

Detection of oblique dark solitons and vortex streets

Insights into superflow mechanisms in polariton condensates

Abstract

A quantum fluid passing an obstacle behaves differently from a classical one. When the flow is slow enough, the quantum gas enters a superfluid regime and neither whirlpools nor waves form around the obstacle. For higher flow velocities, it has been predicted that the perturbation induced by the defect gives rise to the turbulent emission of quantised vortices and to the nucleation of solitons. Using an interacting Bose gas of exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity, we report the transition from superfluidity to the hydrodynamic formation of oblique dark solitons and vortex streets in the wake of a potential barrier. The direct observation of these topological excitations provides key information on the mechanisms of superflow and shows the potential of polariton condensates for quantum turbulence studies.