Universal dynamic structure factor of a strongly correlated Fermi gas

TL;DR

This paper develops a universal theoretical framework for the dynamic structure factor of strongly correlated ultracold Fermi gases at high temperature or large frequency, providing testable predictions for experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a universal, non-perturbative description of the dynamic structure factor using quantum virial expansion and operator product expansion, linking it to Tan's contact parameter.

Findings

Dynamic structure factor exhibits specific power-law tails at high frequency.

Spin-resolved structure factors decay as $ eq ext{tail} ext{form}$, revealing spin-dependent behavior.

Predictions are experimentally testable via Bragg spectroscopy.

Abstract

Universality of strongly interacting fermions is a topic of great interest in diverse fields. Here we investigate theoretically the universal dynamic density response of resonantly interacting ultracold Fermi atoms in the limit of either high temperature or large frequency: (1) At high temperature, we use quantum virial expansion to derive universal, non-perturbative expansion functions of dynamic structure factor; (2) At large momentum, we identify that the second-order expansion function gives the Wilson coefficient used in the operator expansion product method. The dynamic structure factor is therefore determined by its second-order expansion function with an overall normalization factor given by Tan's contact parameter. We show that the spin parallel and antiparallel dynamic structure factors have respectively a tail of the form $\sim \pm \omega^{-5/2}$ for $\omega\rightarrow\infty$, decaying slower than the total dynamic structure factor found previously ($\sim \omega^{-7/2}$). Our predictions for dynamic structure factor at high temperature or large frequency are testable using Bragg spectroscopy for ultracold atomic Fermi gases.