The unification of the fundamental interaction within Maxwell electromagnetism: Model of hydrogen atom. Gravity as the secondary electric force. Calculation of the unified inertia force

TL;DR

This paper proposes a unified model of fundamental forces using Maxwell electromagnetism, redefines constants in Einstein's equations, and demonstrates gravity as a secondary electric force, with applications to hydrogen atom energy levels and inertia calculations.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to unify all fundamental interactions within Maxwell's framework by redefining constants and analyzing force oscillations and energy levels.

Findings

Force oscillates between attraction and repulsion zones.

Hydrogen atom energy levels match experimental data.

Gravity is modeled as a secondary electric force.

Abstract

Considering two static, electrically charged, elementary particles, we demonstrate a possible way of proving that all known fundamental forces in the nature are the manifestations of the single, unique interaction. We re-define the gauging of integration constants in the Schwarzschild solution of Einstein field equations. We consider the potential energy in this context regardless it is gravitational or electric potential energy. With the newly gauged constants, we sketch how the unique interaction can be described with the help of an appropriate solution of the well-known Maxwell equations. According the solution, there are two zones, in the system of two oppositely charged particles, where the force is oscillating. The first particle can be in a stable, constant distance from the second particle, between the neighbouring regions of repulsion and attraction. In an outer oscillation zone, the corresponding energy levels in the proton-electron systems are identical (on the level of accuracy of values calculated by the Dirac's equations) to some experimentally determined levels in the hydrogen atom. For each system of two particles, there is also the zone with the macroscopic, i.e. monotonous behavior of the force. As well, the solution can be used to demonstrate that the net force between two assemblies consisting each (or at least one) of the same numbers of both positively and negatively charged particles is never zero. A secondary electric force, having the same orientation as the primary electric force between the oppositely charged particles, is always present. It can be identified to the gravity. Finally, the solution of the Maxwell equations can be used to calculate the inertia force of a particle. The consistent formulas for both acting and inertia forces enable to construct the dimensionless (without gravitational constant, permitivity of vacuum, etc.) equation of motion.