Wetting, roughness and hydrodynamic slip

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent advances in understanding how wettability and roughness influence hydrodynamic slip at solid-liquid interfaces, highlighting phenomena like giant slip and superfluidity.

Contribution

It synthesizes recent research on the combined effects of wettability and roughness on boundary conditions, emphasizing new phenomena and future research directions.

Findings

Hydrophobicity can significantly enhance slip.

Surface roughness can induce giant interfacial slip.

Novel phenomena like superfluidity and low drag are observed.

Abstract

The hydrodynamic slippage at a solid-liquid interface is currently at the center of our understanding of fluid mechanics. For hundreds of years this science has relied upon no-slip boundary conditions at the solid-liquid interface that has been applied successfully to model many macroscopic experiments, and the state of this interface has played a minor role in determining the flow. However, the problem is not that simple and has been revisited recently. Due to the change in the properties of the interface, such as wettability and roughness, this classical boundary condition could be violated, leading to a hydrodynamic slip. In this chapter, we review recent advances in the understanding and expectations for the hydrodynamic boundary conditions in different situations, by focussing mostly on key papers from past decade. We highlight mostly the impact of hydrophobicity, roughness, and especially their combination on the flow properties. In particular, we show that hydrophobic slippage can be dramatically affected by the presence of roughness, by inducing novel hydrodynamic phenomena, such as giant interfacial slip, superfluidity, mixing, and low hydrodynamic drag. Promising directions for further research are also discussed.