Quantum public-key cryptosystems based on induced trapdoor one-way transformations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new framework for quantum public-key cryptography based on induced trapdoor one-way transformations, proposing several protocols including quantum versions of classical schemes and discussing their security in the post-quantum era.

Contribution

It presents a novel theoretical framework for quantum public-key encryption and signature schemes, extending classical cryptography into the quantum domain with new protocols.

Findings

Several quantum public-key encryption protocols are proposed, including quantum RSA and elliptic curve schemes.

Some protocols are potentially secure against quantum attacks in the post-quantum era.

New quantum digital signature and authentication protocols are introduced based on the framework.

Abstract

A concept named induced trapdoor one-way quantum transformation (OWQT) has been introduced, and a theoretical framework of public-key encryption (PKE) of quantum message is presented based on it. Then several kinds of quantum public-key encryption (QPKE) protocols, such as quantum version PKE of RSA, ElGamal, Goldwasser-Micali, elliptic curve, McEliece, Niederreiter and Okamoto-Tanaka-Uchiyama, are given within this framework. Though all of these protocols are only computationally secure, the last three are probably secure in post-quantum era. Besides, theoretical frameworks for public-key authentication and signature of quantum message are also given based on the induced trapdoor OWQT. As examples, a public-key authentication protocol of quantum message based on SN-S authentication scheme and two quantum digital signature protocols based on RSA and McEliece algorithms respectively are presented.