Modified Thermodynamics as an Approach to the Description of some Universal Properties of "Nearly Perfect Fluids"

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new microtheory called $( ext{h})-k$ dynamics to better describe the thermodynamics of nearly perfect fluids, explaining universal ratios observed experimentally.

Contribution

It proposes a generalized microdescription incorporating vacuum effects, introducing a stochastic action operator, and establishing a modified thermodynamics framework.

Findings

Explains the universal ratio of effective action to entropy at zero temperature.

Provides a theoretical basis for the properties of nearly perfect fluids.

Aligns with recent experimental observations of new matter states.

Abstract

We show that the quantum statistical mechanics describing quantum and thermal properties of objects has only the sense of a particular semiclassical approximation. We propose a more general (than that theory) microdescription of objects in a heat bath taking a vacuum into account as an object environment; we call it $(\hbar,k)-$dynamics ($\hbar kD)$. We introduce a new generative operator, a Schr\"odingerian or a stochastic action operator, and will show its fundamental role in the determination of such macroquantities as internal energy, effective temperature, and effective entropy. We establish that $\hbar kD$ can serve as an initial microtheory for constructing a modified thermodynamics. On this ground, we can explain the universality of the ratio "effective action to effective entropy" at zero temperature and its minimal value in the form $\hbar/2k$. This result corresponds to experimental data obtained recently under studying a new matter state - a nearly perfect fluid.