Structure and evolution of debris disks around F-type stars: I. Observations, database and basic evolutionary aspects

TL;DR

This study investigates debris disks around 82 F-type stars using Spitzer data, discovering 27 disks, modeling their dust properties, and analyzing their evolution, which aligns with existing theoretical models.

Contribution

The paper provides the first extensive analysis of debris disks around F-type stars, including new disk discoveries and detailed modeling of dust properties and evolution.

Findings

27 out of 82 F-type stars have debris disks, including 9 new discoveries.

Dust fractional luminosity declines with age, consistent with models.

Radial dust distribution matches predictions of disk evolution theories.

Abstract

Although photometric and spectroscopic surveys with the Spitzer Space Telescope increased remarkably the number of well studied debris disks around A-type and Sun-like stars, detailed analyzes of debris disks around F-type stars remained less frequent. Using the MIPS camera and the IRS spectrograph we searched for debris dust around 82 F-type stars with Spitzer. We found 27 stars that harbor debris disks, nine of which are new discoveries. The dust distribution around two of our stars, HD 50571 and HD 170773, was found to be marginally extended on the 70um MIPS images. Combining the MIPS and IRS measurements with additional infrared and submillimeter data, we achieved excellent spectral coverage for most of our debris systems. We have modeled the excess emission of 22 debris disks using a single temperature dust ring model and of 5 debris systems with two-temperature models. The latter systems may contain two dust rings around the star. In accordance with the expected trends, the fractional luminosity of the disks declines with time, exhibiting a decay rate consistent with the range of model predictions. We found the distribution of radial dust distances as a function of age to be consistent with the predictions of both the self stirred and the planetary stirred disk evolution models. A more comprehensive investigation of the evolution of debris disks around F-type stars, partly based on the presented data set, will be the subject of an upcoming paper.