Orbital-Resolved Partial Charge Transfer from the Methoxy Groups of Substituted Pyrenes in Complexes with Tetracyanoquinodimethane - a NEXAFS Study

TL;DR

This study uses NEXAFS spectroscopy to directly observe and quantify orbital-specific charge transfer in pyrene derivatives complexed with TCNQ, revealing how methoxy groups donate electrons to the acceptor.

Contribution

It demonstrates the orbital-resolved NEXAFS method as a powerful tool for analyzing charge transfer mechanisms in organic complexes, providing detailed orbital occupation data.

Findings

Charge is transferred from methoxy orbitals to TCNQ orbitals.

Charge transfer increases with higher HMP content.

Spectral shifts correlate with charge transfer levels.

Abstract

It is demonstrated that the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) provides a powerful local probe of functional groups in novel charge transfer (CT) compounds. Microcrystals of tetra- and hexamethoxypyrene as donors with the strong acceptor tetracyanoquinodimethane (TMPx/HMPx - TCNQy) were grown from solution via vapour diffusion in different stoichiometries x:y = 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. Owing to the element specificity of NEXAFS, the oxygen and nitrogen K-edge spectra are direct spectroscopic fingerprints of the donating and accepting moieties. The orbital selectivity of the NEXAFS resonances allows to precisely elucidate the participation of specific orbitals in the charge-transfer process. In the present case charge is transferred from methoxy-orbitals 2e (PI*) and 6a1 (SIGMA*) to the cyano-orbitals b3g and au (PI*) and - to a weaker extent - to b1g and b2u (SIGMA*). The occupation of 2e reflects the anionic character of the methoxy groups. Surprisingly, the charge transfer increases with increasing HMP content of the complex. As additional indirect signature, all spectral features of the donor and acceptor are shifted to higher and lower photon energies, respectively. Providing quantitative access to the relative occupation of specific orbitals, the approach constitutes the most direct probe of the charge-transfer mechanism in organic salts found so far. Although demonstrated for the specific example of pyrene-derived donors with the classical acceptor TCNQ, the method is very versatile and can serve as routine probe for novel CT-complexes on the basis of functionalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.