Exact Hawking Radiation of Scalars, Fermions, and Bosons Using the Tunneling Method Without Back-Reaction

TL;DR

This paper derives the exact Hawking radiation spectrum for scalars, fermions, and bosons using a tunneling method that accounts for quantum effects without considering back-reaction, confirming the robustness of the Hawking temperature.

Contribution

It extends the tunneling approach to arbitrary spins and all orders in , showing quantum corrections do not alter the Hawking temperature.

Findings

Quantum terms do not modify the Hawking temperature.

The near-horizon limit replaces the small  limit in the WKB approximation.

The method applies to scalars, fermions, and bosons without back-reaction.

Abstract

Hawking radiation is studied for arbitrary scalars, fermions, and spin-1 bosons, using a tunneling approach, to every order in $\hbar$ but ignoring back-reaction effects. It is shown that the additional quantum terms yield no new contribution to the Hawking temperature. Indeed, it is found that the limit of small $\hbar$ in the standard quantum WKB approximation is replaced by the near-horizon limit in the gravitational WKB approach.