University-Industry-Government Relations in China: An emergent national system of innovations
Loet Leydesdorff, Zeng Guoping

TL;DR
Since 1992, China has been developing a new innovation system emphasizing university-industry-government relations, supported by policies like science parks and intellectual property laws to foster market-oriented technological growth.
Contribution
This paper analyzes the emergence of China's integrated innovation system, highlighting institutional shifts and policy measures that promote knowledge-based economic development.
Findings
Growth of science parks, incubators, and high-tech zones.
Government policies support market-oriented innovation.
Legal reforms facilitate venture capital and knowledge transfer.
Abstract
Since 1992, a new Chinese innovation system has been emerging in terms of university-industry-government relations. In recent years, science parks, incubators, and high-tech development zones have been provided with strong incentives. The commitment of the Chinese government to the further introduction of a market economy has been elaborated with a focus on the knowledge-base. The model of institutional adjustments has been replaced with systemic and evolutionary thinking about niche development and human resource management. Government interventions remain important for interfacing knowledge-based developments with those on the market. For example, new legislation on issues of "intellectual property rights" is crucial to the absorption of venture capital into these developments.
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Taxonomy
TopicsUniversity-Industry-Government Innovation Models · Higher Education Governance and Development · Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
