Medium propagation effects in high harmonic generation of Ar and N$_{2}$

TL;DR

This paper presents ab initio theoretical calculations of high harmonic generation in Ar and N$_{2}$, demonstrating accurate reproduction of experimental results and supporting the factorization of HHG into a product of a wave packet and transition dipole, enabling structural information retrieval.

Contribution

The study provides detailed macroscopic HHG calculations for atomic and molecular targets, validating the factorization approach and its application to structural imaging.

Findings

Accurately reproduces experimental HHG spectra for Ar and N$_{2}$.

Supports the factorization of HHG into a wave packet and transition dipole.

Shows the dependence of HHG intensity and phase on laser wavelength.

Abstract

We report theoretical calculations of high harmonic generation (HHG) by intense infrared lasers in atomic and molecular targets taking into account the macroscopic propagation of both fundamental and harmonic fields. On the examples of Ar and N$_2$, we demonstrate that these {\it ab initio} calculations are capable of accurately reproducing available experimental results with isotropic and aligned target media. We further present detailed analysis of HHG intensity and phase, under various experimental conditions, in particular, as the wavelength of the driving laser changes. Most importantly, our results strongly support the factorization of HHG at the macroscopic level into a product of a returning electron wave packet and the photorecombination transition dipole, under typical experimental conditions. This implies that the single-atom/molecule structure information can be retrieved from experimentally measured HHG spectra.