Black-Hole Mass and Growth Rate at z~4.8: A Short Episode of Fast Growth Followed by Short Duty Cycle Activity

TL;DR

This study analyzes the masses and growth rates of supermassive black holes at redshift ~4.8, revealing rapid growth episodes with short duty cycles, and compares these to lower-redshift populations to understand their evolution.

Contribution

It provides the first systematic measurement of black hole masses and accretion rates at z~4.8, highlighting rapid growth phases and short duty cycles in early universe black hole evolution.

Findings

Black holes at z~4.8 have masses between 10^8 and 6.6x10^9 solar masses.

The accretion rates are high, with L/L_Edd median around 0.6.

Growth from z=20 to z~4.8 is feasible within the observed timescales.

Abstract

We present new Gemini-North/NIRI and VLT/SINFONI H-band spectroscopy for a flux limited sample of 40 z~4.8 active galactic nuclei, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The sample probably contains the most massive active black holes (BHs) at this redshift and spans a broad range in bolometric luminosity, 2.7x10^46< L_bol < 2.4x10^47 erg/sec. The high-quality observations and the accurate fitting of the MgII(2800A) line, enable us to study, systematically, the distribution of BH mass (M_BH) and normalized accretion rate (L/L_Edd) at z~4.8. We find that 10^8 < M_BH < 6.6x10^9 M_sun, with a median of ~8.4x10^8 M_sun. We also find that 0.2 < L/L_Edd < 3.9 with a median of ~0.6. Most of these sources had enough time to grow to their observed mass at z~4.8 from z=20, assuming a range of seed BH masses, with ~40% that are small enough to be stellar remnants. Compared to previously studied samples at z~2.4 and 3.3, the masses of the z~4.8 BHs are typically lower by ~0.5 dex. and their L/L_Edd is higher by a similar factor. The new z~4.8 sample can be considered as the progenitor population of the most massive BHs at z~2.4 and 3.3. Such an evolutionary interpretation requires that the growth of the BHs from z~4.8 to z~3.3 and z~2.4 proceeds with short duty cycles, of about 10-20%, depending on the particular growth scenario.