Hawking radiation as tunnelling from the trapping horizon of a general non-static spherically symmetric space-time

TL;DR

This paper derives Hawking radiation for dynamic spherically symmetric spacetimes using tunnelling methods, linking thermodynamics and horizon properties, and measures temperature via Kodama observers.

Contribution

It extends tunnelling derivations of Hawking radiation to non-static, spherically symmetric spacetimes with a unified thermodynamic approach.

Findings

Hawking radiation derived for general non-static spacetimes

Unified first law used to obtain tunnelling rate

Hawking temperature measured by Kodama observer

Abstract

Using tunnelling approach, Hawking radiation is derived for a general class of non-static spherically symmetric space time. The standard tunnelling rate formula is obtained using the unified first law of thermodynamics on the trapping horizon and Hawking temperature is measured by an Kodama observer inside the horizon.