The atomic electric dipole moment induced by the nuclear electric dipole moment; the magnetic moment effect

TL;DR

This paper explores a new mechanism where nuclear electric dipole moments induce atomic EDMs via hyperfine interactions, providing analytical formulas and numerical estimates for various diamagnetic atoms, and setting constraints on nuclear EDMs based on experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework and analytical formulas for the magnetic moment effect, linking nuclear EDMs to atomic EDMs and deriving constraints from experimental limits.

Findings

Derived analytical formulas for the magnetic moment effect.

Calculated induced atomic EDMs for specific diamagnetic atoms.

Placed upper bounds on nuclear EDMs based on experimental data.

Abstract

We have considered a mechanism for inducing a time-reversal violating electric dipole moment (EDM) in atoms through the interaction of a nuclear EDM (d_N) with the hyperfine interaction, the "magnetic moment effect". We have derived the operator for this interaction and presented analytical formulas for the matrix elements between atomic states. Induced EDMs in the diamagnetic atoms 129Xe, 171Yb, 199Hg, 211Rn, and 225Ra have been calculated numerically. From the experimental limits on the atomic EDMs of 129Xe and 199Hg, we have placed the following constraints on the nuclear EDMs, |d_N(129Xe)|< 1.1 * 10^{-21} |e|cm and |d_N(199Hg)|< 2.8 * 10^{-24} |e|cm.