Relation between the $0\nu\beta\beta$ and $2\nu\beta\beta$ nuclear matrix elements revisited

TL;DR

This paper explores the relationship between neutrinoless and two-neutrino double beta decay nuclear matrix elements, revealing how their behaviors differ with nuclear changes and proposing a way to estimate one from experimental data.

Contribution

The study uncovers a relation between $M^{0 u}_{GT}$ and $M^{2 u}_{cl}$ matrix elements expressed as functions of neutron-proton pair distance, enhancing understanding of their contrasting behaviors.

Findings

$M^{0 u}_{GT}$ varies smoothly with nuclear changes.

$M^{2 u}$ exhibits pronounced shell effects.

Potential to estimate $M^{0 u}_{GT}$ from experimental $eta^{\pm}$ strength data.

Abstract

We show that the dominant Gamow-Teller part, $M^{0\nu}_{GT}$, of the nuclear matrix element governing the neutrinoless $\beta\beta$ decay is related to the matrix element $M^{2\nu}_{cl}$ governing the allowed two-neutrino $\beta\beta$ decay. That relation is revealed when these matrix elements are expressed as functions of the relative distance $r$ between the pair of neutrons that are transformed into a pair of protons in the $\beta\beta$ decay. Analyzing this relation allows us to understand the contrasting behavior of these matrix elements when $A$ and $Z$ is changed; while $M^{0\nu}_{GT}$ changes slowly and smoothly, $M^{2\nu}$ has pronounced shell effects. We also discuss the possibility of phenomenological determination of the $M^{2\nu}_{cl}$ and from them of the $M^{0\nu}_{GT}$ values from the experimental study of the $\beta^{\pm}$ strength functions.