Accretion of dust by chondrules in a MHD-turbulent solar nebula

TL;DR

This study uses MHD simulations to explore how dust mantles grow on chondrules in a turbulent solar nebula, revealing growth timescales and the influence of nebula turbulence on rim size.

Contribution

It introduces a novel MHD simulation approach to model dust accretion on chondrules, accounting for turbulence and vertical stratification in the solar nebula.

Findings

Dust rim growth occurs mainly within 1 gas scale height.

Chondrules reach their asymptotic radius in 10-800 years.

Vertical turbulence affects rim size distribution.

Abstract

(Abridged) Numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of a turbulent solar nebula are used to study the growth of dust mantles swept up by chondrules. A small neighborhood of the solar nebula is represented by an orbiting patch of gas at a radius of 3 AU, and includes vertical stratification of the gas density. The differential rotation of the nebular gas is replaced by a shear flow. Turbulence is driven by destabilization of the flow as a result of the magnetorotational instability (MRI), whereby magnetic field lines anchored to the gas are continuously stretched by the shearing motion. A passive contaminant mimics small dust grains that are aerodynamically well coupled to the gas, and chondrules are modeled by Lagrangian particles that interact with the gas through drag. Whenever a chondrule enters a region permeated by dust, its radius grows at a rate that depends on the local dust density and the relative velocity between itself and the dust. The local dust abundance decreases accordingly. Different chondrule volume densities lead to varying depletion and rimmed-chondrule size growth times. Most of the dust sweep-up occurs within 1 gas scale height of the nebula midplane. Chondrules can reach their asymptotic radius in 10 to 800 years. The vertical variation of nebula turbulent intensity results in a moderate dependence of mean rimmed-chondrule size with nebula height. The technique used here could be combined with Monte Carlo (MC) methods that include the physics of dust compaction, in a self-consistent MHD-MC model of dust rim growth around chondrules in the solar nebula.