The second order dense ferromagnetic-ferromagnetic phase transition

TL;DR

This paper investigates the second order phase transition between dense ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic phases in a spin-1 Ising model, revealing universal Ising critical behavior through cellular automaton simulations.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the dense ferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition is second order and exhibits universal Ising critical behavior at specific parameter values.

Findings

Transition is second order

Universal Ising critical behavior observed

Finite-size scaling confirms universality

Abstract

The fcc spin-1 Ising (BEG) model has a dense ferromagnetic ($df$) ground state instead of the ferromagnetic ground state at low temperature region and exhibits the dense ferromagnetic ($df$) - ferromagnetic ($F$) phase transition for $d=D/J=2.9$, $k=K/J=-0.5$, $\ell =L/J=0$ and $h=H/J=0$. The critical behavior of the dense ferromagnetic ($df$) - ferromagnetic ($F$) phase transition has been investigated using the cellular automaton cooling and heating algorithms. The universality class and the type of the dense ferromagnetic ($df$) - ferromagnetic ($F$) phase transition have been researched within the framework of the finite - size scaling, the power law relations and the probability distribution. The results show that the dense ferromagnetic- ferromagnetic phase transition is of the second order and the model shows universal second order Ising critical behavior at $d=2.9$ parameter value through $k=-0.5$ line.