Vortex content of calorons and deconfinement mechanism

TL;DR

This paper investigates the vortex structures within SU(2) calorons and their role in the confinement-deconfinement transition, revealing how caloron holonomy influences vortex percolation and supports the vortex-based confinement mechanism.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the vortex content in calorons, linking caloron holonomy to vortex percolation and confinement, advancing understanding of the deconfinement mechanism.

Findings

Vortex connects caloron dyons and is influenced by holonomy.

Spatial vortex percolates when the Polyakov loop is traceless.

Calorons support the vortex confinement scenario.

Abstract

We reveal the center vortex content of SU(2) calorons and ensembles of them. While one part of the vortex connects the constituent dyons of a single caloron, another part is predominantly spatial and can be related to the twist that exists in the caloron gauge field. The latter part depends strongly on the caloron holonomy and degenerates to a plane between the dyons when the asymptotic Polyakov loop is traceless. Correspondingly, the spatial vortex in caloron ensembles is percolating in this case. This finding fits perfectly in the confinement scenario of vortices and shows that calorons are suitable to facilitate the vortex (de)confinement mechanism.