On the existence of stable charged Q-balls

TL;DR

This paper proves the existence of stable, charged Q-balls, a type of soliton in nonlinear field equations, under conditions of weak matter-gauge field interaction.

Contribution

It demonstrates the existence of charged Q-balls in the coupled nonlinear Klein-Gordon-Maxwell system when the matter-field interaction is sufficiently weak.

Findings

Stable charged Q-balls exist under small interaction conditions.

Existence is linked to the ratio of energy to charge.

Results extend the understanding of solitons in gauge field theories.

Abstract

This paper concerns hylomorphic solitons, namely stable, solitary waves whose existence is related to the ratio energy/charge. In theoretical physics, the name Q-ball refers to a type of hylomorphic solitons or soli- tary waves relative to the Nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation (NKG). We are interested in the existence of charged Q-balls, namely Q-balls for the Nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation coupled with the Maxwell equations (NKGM). In this case the charge reduces to the electric charge. The main result of this paper establishes that stable, charged Q-balls exist provided that the interaction between matter and the gauge field is sufficiently small.