Q-tubes and Q-crusts

TL;DR

This paper introduces new equilibrium solutions called Q-tubes and Q-crusts in scalar field theories with U(1) symmetry, exploring their stability and potential implications for cosmology and supersymmetry.

Contribution

It presents novel tube-shaped and crust-shaped non-topological solitons, expanding the known solutions in scalar field theories with global U(1) symmetry.

Findings

Discovered new types of solitons: Q-tubes and Q-crusts.

Analyzed stability conditions of the new solutions.

Discussed potential roles in baryon asymmetry and dark matter.

Abstract

We explore equilibrium solutions of non-topological solitons in a general class of scalar field theories which include global U(1) symmetry. We find new types of solutions, tube-shaped and crust-shaped objects, and investigate their stability. Like Q-balls, the new solitons can exist in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, which may responsible for baryon asymmetry and dark matter. Therefore, observational signals of the new solitons would give us more informations on the early universe and supersymmetric theories.