Dynamo action in thermally unstable interstellar flows

TL;DR

This study explores how thermal instability affects magnetic dynamo processes in interstellar flows, revealing that instability hampers large-scale dynamo onset and induces a weak correlation between magnetic fields and density.

Contribution

It demonstrates that thermal instability increases the critical Reynolds number for dynamo action and introduces a weak B-rho correlation in thermally unstable interstellar flows.

Findings

Thermal instability roughly doubles the critical Reynolds number for dynamo onset.

In unstable flows, a weak B ∝ rho^0.2 correlation emerges.

Thermal instability makes large-scale dynamo action more difficult.

Abstract

Numerous studies have investigated the role of thermal instability in regulating the phase transition between the cold cloudy and warm diffuse medium of the interstellar medium. Considerable interest has also been devoted in investigating the properties of turbulence in thermally unstable flows, special emphasis on molecular clouds and the possibility of star formation. In this study, we investigate another setting in which this instability may be important, namely its effect on dynamo action in interstellar flows. The setup we consider is a three dimensional periodic cube of gas with an initially weak magnetic field, subject to heating and cooling, the properties of which are such that thermal instability is provoked at certain temperature regime. Dynamo action is established through external forcing on the flow field. By comparing the results with a cooling function with exactly the same net effect but no thermally unstable regime, we find the following. The critical Reynolds number for the onset of the large-scale dynamo was observed to roughly double between the thermally stable versus unstable runs, the conclusion being that the thermal instability makes large-scale dynamo action more difficult. Whereas density and magnetic fields were observed to be almost completely uncorrelated in the thermally stable cases investigated, the action of thermal instability was observed to produce a positive correlation of the form B propto rho^0.2. This correlation is rather weak, and in addition it was observed to break down at the limit of the highest densities.