Effects of nuclear absorption on the antiLambda/antiproton ratio in relativistic heavy ion collisions

TL;DR

This paper investigates the large antiLambda/antiproton ratio observed in heavy-ion collisions, demonstrating through UrQMD simulations that nuclear absorption effects, not QGP formation, can explain the ratio's magnitude.

Contribution

The study shows that strong absorption of antiprotons and antiLambdas accounts for the observed ratio, challenging the interpretation of this ratio as a QGP signature.

Findings

Large antiLambda/antiproton ratio explained by absorption effects

Initial ratio from string fragmentation matches p+p collision data

Absorption effects vary with collision centrality

Abstract

An enhanced antiLambda/antiproton ratio in heavy-ion relative to p+p collisions has been proposed as one of the signatures for the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation. A significantly large (antiLambda+antiSigma0+1.1*antiSigma-)/antiproton ratio of 3.5 has been observed in the mid-rapidity and low transverse momentum region in central Au+Au collisions at the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 4.9 GeV at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). This is an order of magnitude larger than the values in peripheral Au+Au collisions and p+p collisions at the corresponding energy. By using the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) transport model, we demonstrate that the observed large ratio can be explained by strong absorption of antiprotons (~99.9%) and antiLambdas (~99%) in dense nuclear matter created in central collisions. We find within the model that the initial antiLambda/antiproton ratio, mainly from string fragmentation, does not depend on the collision centrality, and is consistent with that observed in p+p collisions. This suggests that the observed large (antiLambda+antiSigma0+1.1*antiSigma-)/antiproton ratio at the AGS does not necessarily imply the formation of the QGP. We further study the excitation function of the ratio in UrQMD, which may help in the search and study of the QGP.