The subsurface-shear shaped solar $\alpha\Omega$ dynamo

TL;DR

This paper introduces a solar dynamo model that incorporates subsurface shear effects, successfully reproducing observed solar magnetic cycle features by allowing magnetic fields to penetrate near the surface.

Contribution

It presents a novel distributed dynamo model emphasizing the role of subsurface shear and boundary conditions in shaping the solar magnetic cycle.

Findings

Model reproduces the solar butterfly diagram.

Surface shear layer influences magnetic field patterns.

Agreement with observed solar cycle properties.

Abstract

We propose a solar dynamo model distributed in the bulk of the convection zone with the toroidal magnetic field the flux concentrated in the near-surface layer. We show that if the boundary conditions at the top of the dynamo region allow the large-scale toroidal magnetic fields to penetrate closer to the surface, then the pattern of the modeled butterfly diagram for the toroidal magnetic fields in the upper part of the convection zone is formed by the surface rotational shear layer. The model is in agreement with observed properties of the magnetic solar cycle.