Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Presence of Electric and Magnetic Charges

TL;DR

This paper develops a quaternion gauge theory framework for particles with simultaneous electric and magnetic charges, exploring spontaneous symmetry breaking and mass generation for associated gauge bosons.

Contribution

It introduces a gauge theory with four coupling constants for dyons, combining electric and magnetic charges within a unified symmetry-breaking scheme.

Findings

Derived abelian and non-abelian gauge structures for dyons

Explored spontaneous symmetry breaking leading to massive gauge bosons

Generated multiple electromagnetic and Higgs fields

Abstract

Starting with the definition of quaternion gauge theory, we have undertaken the study of SU(2)_{e}\times SU(2)_{m}\times U(1)_{e}\times U(1)_{m} in terms of the simultaneous existence of electric and magnetic charges along with their Yang - Mills counterparts. As such, we have developed the gauge theory in terms of four coupling constants associated with four - gauge symmetry SU(2)_{e}\times SU(2)_{m}\times U(1)_{e}\times U(1)_{m}. Accordingly, we have made an attempt to obtain the abelian and non - Abelian gauge structures for the particles carrying simultaneously the electric and magnetic charges (namely dyons). Starting from the Lagrangian density of two SU(2)\times U(1) gauge theories responsible for the existence of electric and magnetic charges, we have discussed the consistent theory of spontaneous symmetry breaking and Higgs mechanism in order to generate the masses. From the symmetry breaking, we have generated the two electromagnetic fields, the two massive vector W^{\pm} and Z^{0} bosons fields and the Higgs scalar fields.