Generation of doublet spectral lines at self-seeded X-ray FELs

TL;DR

This paper proposes a method to generate doublet spectral lines at self-seeded X-ray FELs using multiple crystals in a monochromator setup, enabling tunable, coherent dual-wavelength operation with potential for precise timing applications.

Contribution

It introduces a novel monochromator configuration with multiple crystals for dual-wavelength self-seeding in X-ray FELs, demonstrating simulation results for the LCLS baseline.

Findings

Successful simulation of dual-wavelength, fully coherent X-ray generation.

Ability to tune mode spacing within the FEL gain band.

Generation of synchronized optical transition radiation for timing applications.

Abstract

Self-seeding schemes, consisting of two undulators with a monochromator in between, aim to reduce the bandwidth of SASE X-ray FELs. We recently proposed a new method of monochromatization exploiting a single crystal in Bragg-transmission geometry for self-seeding in the hard X-ray range. A straightforward extension is to use such kind of monochromator setup with two -or more- crystals arranged in a series to spectrally filter the SASE radiation at two closely-spaced wavelengths within the FEL gain band. This allows for the production of doublet -or multiplet- spectral lines. Applications involve any process with a large change in cross section over a narrow wavelength range, as in multiple wavelength anomalous diffraction. Here we consider the simultaneous operation of the LCLS hard X-ray FEL at two closely spaced wavelengths. We present simulation results for the LCLS baseline, yielding fully coherent radiation shared between two longitudinal modes. Mode spacing can be easily tuned within the FEL gain band. The XFEL output intensity contains an oscillating "mode-beat" component whose frequency is related to the frequency difference between the pair of longitudinal modes considered. At saturation one obtains FEL-induced modulations of energy loss and energy spread in the electron bunch at optical frequency, which can be converted into density modulation at the same optical frequency using a weak chicane installed behind the baseline undulator. Powerful coherent radiation can then be generated with the help of an optical transition radiation (OTR) station. We also consider how the doublet structure of the XFEL generation spectra can be monitored by an optical spectrometer. The OTR coherent radiation pulse is naturally synchronized with the X-ray pulses, and can be used for timing the XFEL to high power conventional lasers with femtosecond accuracy for pump-probe applications.