Climatology of extratropical atmospheric wave packets in the northern hemisphere

TL;DR

This study develops an automated method to analyze atmospheric wave packets in the Northern Hemisphere, revealing their seasonal patterns, origins, and impacts on weather predictability over a long historical period.

Contribution

The paper introduces a novel automated recognition algorithm for atmospheric wave packets, enabling comprehensive climatology analysis across multiple decades.

Findings

Wave packet activity peaks in colder months.

Genesis mainly occurs in Western and Central Pacific and Atlantic.

Lysis predominantly occurs at eastern Pacific and Atlantic borders.

Abstract

Planetary and synoptic scale wave-packets represent one important component of the atmospheric large-scale circulation. These dissipative structures are able to rapidly transport eddy kinetic energy, generated locally (e.g. by baroclinic conversion), downstream along the upper tropospheric flow. The transported energy, moving faster than individual weather systems, will affect the development of the next meteorological system on the leading edge of the wave packet, creating a chain of connections between systems that can be far apart in time and space, with important implications on predictability. In this work we present an automated recognition of atmospheric wave packets which allows the extraction of all the relevant properties, such as location, duration and velocity. Behind this tool lies the need to investigate atmospheric variability in its full complexity, bridging the low-frequency steady-state approach with the storm-tracks lagrangian approach. We have applied the algorithm to the daily analysis (every 12h) from 1958-2010, building an extended climatology of waves packets with different spectral properties. We show that wave packets characteristics over Northern Hemisphere exhibit a strong seasonal dependence, both in their spectral component and in their distribution and localization. The maximum activity is reached in the cold months, from autumn to spring, with a slight weakening in mid-winter and a clear minimum of activity in summer. Preferential areas of genesis are shown to be the Western and Central-Pacific and Western-Atlantic while areas of lyses are the eastern borders of Pacific and Atlantic. We envisage possible applications of this algorithm also for predictability studies and operational activities.