Solutions of the Cheeger problem via torsion functions

TL;DR

This paper explores the connection between the Cheeger problem and torsion functions, establishing limits and relations involving the $p$-torsion functions as $p$ approaches 1, and characterizes Cheeger sets via eigenfunctions of the 1-Laplacian.

Contribution

The paper proves new limit relations between $p$-torsion functions and the Cheeger constant, and characterizes Cheeger sets through eigenfunctions of the 1-Laplacian as $p$ approaches 1.

Findings

Limit of $L^ abla$ norms of $\,\, ext{p-torsion functions}$ as $p o 1^+$ equals the Cheeger constant.

Eigenfunction of the 1-Laplacian obtained as limit of normalized $p$-torsion functions.

Cheeger sets identified via level sets of the eigenfunction, with explicit bounds for convex domains.

Abstract

The Cheeger problem for a bounded domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}$, $N>1$ consists in minimizing the quotients $|\partial E|/|E|$ among all smooth subdomains $E\subset\Omega$ and the Cheeger constant $h(\Omega)$ is the minimum of these quotients. Let $\phi_{p}\in C^{1,\alpha}(\bar{\Omega})$ be the $p$-torsion function, that is, the solution of torsional creep problem $-\Delta_{p}\phi_{p}=1$ in $\Omega$, $\phi_{p}=0$ on $\partial\Omega$, where $\Delta_{p}u:=\operatorname{div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)$ is the $p$-Laplacian operator, $p>1$. The paper emphasizes the connection between these problems. We prove that $\lim_{p\rightarrow1^{+}}(\|\phi_{p}\|_{L^{\infty}(\Omega)})^{1-p}=h(\Omega)=\lim_{p\rightarrow1^{+}}(\|\phi_{p}\|_{L^{1}(\Omega)})^{1-p}$. Moreover, we deduce the relation $\lim_{p\to1^{+}}\|\phi_{p}\|_{L^{1}(\Omega)}\geq C_{N}\lim_{p\to1^{+}}\|\phi_{p}\|_{L^{\infty}(\Omega)}$ where $C_{N}$ is a constant depending only of $N$ and $h(\Omega)$, explicitely given in the paper. An eigenfunction $u\in BV(\Omega)\cap L^{\infty}(\Omega)$ of the Dirichlet 1-Laplacian is obtained as the strong $L^{1}$ limit, as $p\rightarrow1^{+}$, of a subsequence of the family $\{\phi_{p}/\|\phi_{p}\|_{L^{1}(\Omega)}\}_{p>1}$. Almost all $t$-level sets $E_{t}$ of $u$ are Cheeger sets and our estimates of $u$ on the Cheeger set $|E_{0}|$ yield $|B_{1}|h(B_{1})^{N}\leq |E_{0}|h(\Omega)^{N},$ where $B_{1}$ is the unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$. For $\Omega$ convex we obtain $u=|E_{0}|^{-1}\chi_{E_{0}}$.