Stroboscopic back-action evasion in a dense alkali-metal vapor

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a novel stroboscopic technique for quantum non-demolition measurements of atomic spins in hot potassium vapor, improving long-term sensitivity in atomic magnetometry despite spin-exchange relaxation.

Contribution

The paper introduces a new stroboscopic modulation method for back-action evasion in QND measurements of atomic spins in dense vapors.

Findings

Good agreement with theoretical spin noise model

Enhanced long-term magnetometry sensitivity

Effective back-action evasion in high-density vapor

Abstract

We explore experimentally quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements of atomic spin in a hot potassium vapor in the presence of spin-exchange relaxation. We demonstrate a new technique for back-action evasion by stroboscopic modulation of the probe light. With this technique we study spin noise as a function of polarization for atoms with spin greater than 1/2 and obtain good agreement with a simple theoretical model. We point that in a system with fast spin-exchange, where the spin relaxation rate is changing with time, it is possible to improve the long-term sensitivity of atomic magnetometry by using QND measurements.