TL;DR
This paper reviews evidence of anisotropy in cosmological data, highlighting recurring signals aligned with the Virgo axis, and discusses axion-photon interactions as a potential explanation for these observations.
Contribution
It synthesizes observational anomalies suggesting anisotropy and proposes axion-photon mixing as a novel explanation for these effects.
Findings
Multiple independent signals indicate anisotropy aligned with Virgo.
Conventional astrophysics cannot fully explain the observed anisotropies.
Axion-photon mixing offers a potential unified explanation.
Abstract
The "cosmological principle" was set up early without realizing its implications for the horizon problem, and almost entirely without support from observational data. Consistent signals of anisotropy have been found in data on electromagnetic propagation, polarizations of QSOs and temperature maps. The axis of Virgo is found again and again in signals breaking isotropy, from independent observables in independent energy regimes. There are no satisfactory explanations of these effects in conventional astrophysics. Axion-photon mixing and propagation in axion condensates are capable of encompassing the data.
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