Surfatron acceleration of a relativistic particle by electromagnetic plane wave

TL;DR

This paper investigates how relativistic charged particles can be accelerated by electromagnetic plane waves through resonance phenomena, leading to infinite energy growth or diffusive energy increase, with considerations of radiation losses.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of surfatron acceleration in the context of relativistic particles in electromagnetic waves and analyzes resonance capture and scattering effects.

Findings

Resonance capture leads to infinite energy growth.

Scattering causes diffusive energy increase.

Energy losses due to radiation are estimated.

Abstract

We study motion of a relativistic charged particle in a plane slow electromagnetic wave and background uniform magnetic field. The wave propagates normally to the background field. Under certain conditions, the resonance between the wave and the Larmor motion of the particle is possible. Capture into this resonance results in acceleration of the particle along the wave front (surfatron acceleration). We analyse the phenomenon of capture and show that a captured particle never leaves the resonance and its energy infinitely grows. Scattering on the resonance is also studied. We find that this scattering results in diffusive growth of the particle energy. Finally, we estimate energy losses due to radiation by an accelerated particle.