The similarity of observed X-ray coronae associated with L* disc and elliptical galaxies

TL;DR

This study compares the X-ray coronae of L* elliptical and disc galaxies, finding similar properties that suggest a common origin from accreted, shock-heated gas during galaxy formation, with minor influence from stellar outflows.

Contribution

It demonstrates the universality of X-ray corona properties across galaxy types, highlighting their origin from accreted gas and implications for galaxy evolution.

Findings

Similar L_X - L_K and L_X - T_X relations for both galaxy types

Coronal X-ray emission primarily from accreted, shock-heated gas

Minor contribution of stellar outflows to X-ray luminosity

Abstract

The existence of hot, X-ray luminous gaseous coronae surrounding present day L* galaxies is a generic prediction of galaxy formation theory in the cold dark matter cosmogony. While extended X-ray emission has been known to exist around elliptical galaxies for a long time, diffuse extra-planar emission has only recently been detected around disc galaxies. We compile samples of elliptical and disc galaxies that have Chandra and XMM-Newton measurements, and compare the scaling of the coronal X-ray luminosity (L_X) with both the K-band luminosity (L_K) and the coronal X-ray temperature (T_X). The X-ray flux measurements are corrected for non-thermal point source contamination by spatial excision and spectral subtraction for resolved and unresolved sources respectively. We find that the properties of the extended X-ray emission from galaxies of different morphological types are similar: for both elliptical and disc galaxies, the L_X - L_K and L_X - T_X relations have similar slope, normalisation and scatter. The observed universality of coronal X-ray properties suggests that the bulk of this emission originates from gas that has been accreted, shock-heated and compressed during the assembly of the galaxy and that outflows triggered by stellar processes make only a minor contribution to the X-ray emission. This reservoir of cooling gas is a potential source of morphological transformation; it provides a fresh supply of material for discs to grow around galaxies of all morphological types.