Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects - I: Targets, Proper motions and first results

TL;DR

The PARSEC program has obtained parallaxes and proper motions for southern cool dwarfs, significantly increasing the number of known L and T dwarf distances, and providing insights into their binary nature and distribution.

Contribution

This study presents the first results from the PARSEC program, including parallaxes for 10 brown dwarfs and a proper motion catalog, enhancing the data available for cool substellar objects.

Findings

Preliminary parallaxes with 4.2 mas median precision for 10 brown dwarfs.

Increase of over 20% in known L dwarf parallaxes.

Identification of binary systems among the targets.

Abstract

We present results from the PARallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects (PARSEC) program, an observational program begun in April 2007 to determine parallaxes for 122 L and 28 T southern hemisphere dwarfs using the Wide Field Imager on the ESO 2.2m telescope. The results presented here include parallaxes of 10 targets from observations over 18 months and a first version proper motion catalog. The proper motions were obtained by combining PARSEC observations astrometrically reduced with respect to the UCAC2 Catalog, and the 2MASS Catalog. The resulting median proper motion precision is 5mas/yr for 195,700 sources. The 140 0.3deg2 fields sample the southern hemisphere in an unbiased fashion with the exception of the galactic plane due to the small number of targets in that region. We present preliminary parallaxes with a 4.2 mas median precision for 10 brown dwarfs, 2 of which are within 10pc. These increase by 20% the present number of L dwarfs with published parallaxes. Of the 10 targets, 7 have been previously discussed in the literature: two were thought to be binary but the PARSEC observations show them to be single, one has been confirmed as a binary companion and another has been found to be part of a binary system, both of which will make good benchmark systems. Observations for the PARSEC program will end in early 2011 providing 3-4 years of coverage for all targets. The main expected outputs are: more than a 100% increase of the number of L dwarfs with parallaxes; to increment - in conjuction with published results - to at least 10 the number of objects per spectral subclass up to L9, and; to put sensible limits on the general binary fraction of brown dwarfs. We aim to contribute significantly to the understanding of the faint end of the H-R diagram and of the L/T transition region.