Gene clusters reflecting macrodomain structure respond to nucleoid perturbations

TL;DR

This study reveals that gene clusters sensitive to nucleoid perturbations align with chromosomal macrodomains and influence bacterial lifestyle transitions, highlighting the role of nucleoid proteins in gene regulation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel multi-scale spatial analysis linking nucleoid structure to gene regulation and identifies specific gene clusters associated with lifestyle changes.

Findings

Gene clusters align with macrodomains.

Nucleoid proteins influence gene expression.

Clusters involve motility and biofilm regulation.

Abstract

Focusing on the DNA-bridging nucleoid proteins Fis and H-NS, and integrating several independent experimental and bioinformatic data sources, we investigate the links between chromosomal spatial organization and global transcriptional regulation. By means of a novel multi-scale spatial aggregation analysis, we uncover the existence of contiguous clusters of nucleoid-perturbation sensitive genes along the genome, whose expression is affected by a combination of topological DNA state and nucleoid-shaping protein occupancy. The clusters correlate well with the macrodomain structure of the genome. The most significant of them lay symmetrically at the edges of the ter macrodomain and involve all of the flagellar and chemotaxis machinery, in addition to key regulators of biofilm formation, suggesting that the regulation of the physical state of the chromosome by the nucleoid proteins plays an important role in coordinating the transcriptional response leading to the switch between a motile and a biofilm lifestyle.